Maize (Zea mays L) is one of the most important cereals of the world and provides more human food than any other cereal. Starch is a group of polysaccharides, composed of glucopyranose units joined together by glucosidric linkages. It conforms to the molecular formula, (C6 H10O5)n, where n varies from a few hundred to over one million. Starch is found as the reserve carbohydrate in various parts of plants and is enzymatically broken down to glucose to other carbohydrates according to the metabolic needs of the plants. Industrially, starch is broadly divided into two types viz., natural and modified. Natural starches also designated as unmodified starches or simply starches, are obtained from grains such as sorghum. Starch is also obtained from roots like potato, tapioca and arrowroot, and from the pith of the stems of certain palms such as sago. They are further classified into cereal starches and root starches. The characteristics of the natural starches are changed by chemical or enzymatic action and the products of these reactions are termed modified starches. This group includes dextrins, acid-modified starches, oxidized starches, starch esters, starch ethers, dialdehyde starches, and cationic starches. The roots of tapioca plant (manihot utilissima) forms one of the major sources of starch, ranking next to potato. The starch content of the plant varies between 12 and 33 per cent. The cereal starches, such as maize, wheat, rice and sorghum, are recovered by several processes, of which the wet milling is by far the most important. Starch is an absorbent for water. Starch and Glucose can be used in different end use industries such as in the manufacture of adhesives, sizing and finishing in textiles, thickening agents in gravies, custards, and confectioneries. Sizing papers, Cosmetics, explosives, reagent, face powders, indicators in domestic analysis, water soluble packaging films, book bindings fabrics, distilled liquors, malt sugar, cattle feed ingredient, rubber reinforcing resins etc. Starch in India is mainly used for cotton textile industry, paper and paper products, Biscuits and confectioneries and glucose and dextrose. Commercially glucose is produced from starch only and these two products are generally made in the same unit side by side. One tonnes of glucose needs 1.1 tonne of starch. About 90% of the liquid glucose produced in India is consumed by the confectionery industry. Liquid Glucose and Dextrose are the products of same origin, in liquid form and the late in powder form. Glucose powder (dextrose) is used an invalid food for pharmaceutical purposes. Aqueous isotonic solution (5%) of dextrose is given as intravenous infections to increase the volume of circulating blood shocks and hemorrhage and to counteract dehydration. Vitamin C is a strong monobasic acid and it is used as a powerful reducing agent in neutral and acidic solutions. It is also used medicine. It is an excellent nutritional agent. It is an antioxidant and a preservative in foodstuffs. It is used as a reducing agent in analytical chemistry. The ferric and calcium salts are available for biochemical research. It is also available as the sodium salt. Sorbitol is an organic chemical having varied end uses. It is edible non-crystalline, odorless white powder and having sweet cooling taste. It is highly soluble in water, and slightly in methyl alcohol. In the case of India, starch is being produced from Maize and tapioca. The units producing starch from maize are concentrated in large sector; and the units producing starch from tapioca are largely concentrated in the small-scale sector. There are many units as at present in the country producing starch from Maize and three units producing starch from Tapioca in the organized sector. The capacity for starch from Maize accounts for more than 80 per cent of the installed capacity in the organized sector. As against the organized sector, there are a number of units in the small and cottage sector producing starch mainly from tapioca. As regards glucose it is produced in solid as well as liquid form. The production of glucose is not possible in the small sector and therefore its production is not as widely spread as that of starch. Eight units manufacturing starch in the organized sector also produce liquid glucose simultaneously. The demand for liquid glucose depends mainly upon the growth of medicine, the pharmaceuticals, biscuits and confectionery industries. As such 80% of the total demand for liquid glucose is absorbed by drugs and pharmaceuticals, while only 20% is used in Biscuits, Confectioneries, toothpaste etc. There is a very good scope and ample space in this sector and new entrepreneurs should venture into this field. 

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